It'll work, but it won't be optimum. The 150R load resistor will overdamp the transformer, probably curtailing the high-frequency response.
Two better solutions:
1) Change the resistor across the primary to 634R, which provides a 600 ohm source impedance for the transformer. Assuming preamp input impedance is 1.5k (typical), add the following network across the secondary of the transformer:
a) 7.32k across the secondary (shunt)
b) Two matched 249R resistors in series with the two ends of the secondary. The other ends connect to the output XLR, and also to:
c) 174R across the output jack
That gives the transformer 600 ohm source and load impedances, which it will like, and shows the mike preamp a 150 ohm source impedance, which (if transformer coupled) it will like. Noise performance might suffer, though.
Or:
2) Get a stepdown transformer designed for DI use.
I'd recommend the latter. Jensen sells nice ones. Sescom sells more plebeian but still decent ones. Shure's (contained in adapters -- get the one with 1/4"F - XLR M connectors, and get an RCA-F - 1/4"M adapter) are also decent. Avoid the ones from Radio Shack.
Peace,
Paul