you shouldn't be bothered by asking. makes you learn, so thats fine.
there are different signs for ground to differentiate between different grounds, like digital, analog, earth safety and so on. European and US differ again, and people make mistakes. but you got it right. the transformer shield is tied to ground. the transformer can be wired in two ways, yes, and 'modulation' means audio frequency output, speech has changed over time ;-)
cheers,
michael