Correct me if I'm wrong, but I remember Matlab being able to interface or output c/c++ code, which while maybe not ideal, could potentially save significant development time.
You are correct, MATLAB is capable of outputting C code, but it is not very efficient since it is more of a hack rather than a one-to-one translation of m to C, and, in my experience, it rarely works flawlessly. Also, remember that many DSPs and Microcontrollers are C/C++ based, but not exactly C/C++, they have many proprietary instructions, registers, and might not be able to recognize every C instruction, and other gotchas like that. So we are talking about translating from m to C to whatever the DSP uses, that is a good way to get a buggy and inefficient code.
Long time ago I had high expectations on "making C easier" by doing stuff on Matlab and converting it to C, my hopes died very quickly since it is probably the worst way to program a C code. I don't know if this has improved over the years, but, last time I checked, it was very crappy. There are several snippets/routines for C that one can use, I have a book on my shelf called "Numerical Recipes" which is basically a numerical methods book with routines for C, you can find in it C routines for the FFT, the Sine/Cosine Transforms and other useful stuff. I believe that is one of the best alternatives.
Also, many DSPs/Microcontrollers (I mention Microcontrollers since many of them these days are so powerful that there is no need for a DSP) have the ability of programming chunks of Assembler code inside of a C code, this allows for an extremely efficient code. You can program the majority of your code in C, and only have those very critical parts relying on strict timing running on Assembler. That is practically impossible with MATLAB, and I wouldn't want to go into the mess of adapting a MATLAB to C code to do that kind of stuff. I personally know of no one using the m to C compiler, usually, they all say the same: it is a piece of crap.
That being said, DSP and Programming are not my forte, but I have accumulated a lot of mileage on MATLAB to know that it is a great tool, but terribly inefficient and resource hungry. To be honest, regardless of how many new stuff Mathworks adds to MATLAB to try to make codes transportable, the truth is that m codes only work with MATLAB installed in a computer.