alhe said:
As someone who has repaired several old AKG's, I can confirm that changing the position of the paper shims helps in some cases. I have seen the geometry of the diaphragm change in some cases (it sinks down, pulled under by its own weight). So, moving a shim helps to lift up the voice coil. Not recommended unless something is notably wrong simply because of how fragile the wiring is. Another trick I learned is to clean the diaphragm with a small magnet (an alnico guitar pickup magnet works great) if there are any magnetic particles caught on the diaphragm.
First of all,
the diaphragm does not "sink down,pulled under by it`s own weight". It becomes concave because of the iron dust and debris gathering around the dome. Due to the size of the magnet, it has a bigger than normal a pull and attracts the iron particles from the surroundings, but also from the mic itself, because of the corrosion. So the more debris, the more bass is lost and the more deformation is taking place and in the end the voice coil cannot move freely. A jamming voice-coil is the result.
Once that happens, it is a case for an experienced professional.
Now, if there are only a few tiny iron particles around the dome and no deforming has taken place yet, then just cleaning them away might get you the original sound back. Unfortunately, this is most likely not the case. Why? The oldest D12:s are more than 60 years old and even the reissue capsules are 22 years old already. In most cases the iron dust/debris has been gathering on top of the diaphragm for decades and was never cleaned off. And those iron particles are never spread evenly around the dome and so the deforming also never is even. So, lifting the diaphragm higher does very seldom help. It may give you some bass back, but it won`t sound correct in the mids and highs. It will sound "honky".
Cleaning the iron debris with a magnet is too dangerous. So, that is a no go. The capsule magnet has an enormous pull and would be amplified by the magnet brought close to it. One careless slip and you can say goodbye to the diaphragm. And unfortunately only a perfect diaphragm is going to sound right. A much safer way is to use a very thin and small-tipped screwdriver, that is magnetic, because there would be a weaker pull all in all, but yet enough pull to pick each tiny particle individually away. Even then, you need to be very carefull not to let the screwdriver slip and damage the diaphragm. Actually, that should only be done by a very experienced a person, but I do not wish to discourage anybody. After all, there is no other way of learning, than doing it. After some ten or fifteen spoiled diaphragms and broken coil ends, it tends to give somewhat a better outcome.
There are much more problems, that need to be addressed, if you want to get the sound to specs. Some of those have been mentioned in the threads here, but too many are not, because earnestly, they can only be performed by an experienced professional(with D12:s!).