For now, it doesent matter if the signal is inverted.
White wire? That's the CT, what did we say about that? Dont touch it!
The correct way would be the red wire to Pin 2 on XLR and blue wire to pin 3,
pin 1 on XLR goes to ground.
No wonder that you get weaker signal when you connct the input between red and white wire, then you use just half of the primaty winding. So: White wire=CT= Dont touch it!
It is important to realize the difference between "balanced" and "unbalanced"
XLR is balanced and the signal is applied to pin 2 and 3, pin 1 goes to the shield (ground)and doesen't really carry a signal. A guitar cable is unbalanced and the signal goes to the tip and the sleeve and the sleeve has also a function as a shield (ground).
When connecting unbalanced sources to balanced (guitar ->LA2A or CD player->LA2A) you connect the tip "+" of the guitar cable to pin 2 on the XLR and the sleeve "-" (shield) to pin 3 on the XLR. From your CD player you connect either one or both of the L/R channels (blue and red on earbud cable) to pin 2 on the XLR and the copper shield (on the earbud cable) to pin 3 on XLR.
Hope this helps....