Recent Making Sense podcast guest said ~10% reduction in effectivity for variant D.
? is that 10% reduction in infection, or hospitalization and/or death.
Question: Were antibiotic-resistant superbugs always around, or did they form in response to generalized antibiotic treatments?
I am not the resident infectious diseases expert and bacterial infections are probably different than virus. The popular wisdom is that resistant bacteria come from misuse and overuse of antibiotics.
For example if you get prescribed a weeks worth of antibiotics to treat some dental infection, but after a couple days the anti-biotic looked like it worked so well that you stopped taking it. The resistant bacteria that survived the initial assault are now the only bacteria left alive in your mouth since all the normal bacteria are now dead. The resistant survivors now have all the food and the anti-biotic treatment has stopped so they grow stronger and spread. If the doctor says take the medicine for 7 days that is not a suggestion but based on science.
Another factor is use of antibiotics added to animal feed to promote growth (probably illegal almost everywhere now). Less sick cattle gain more weight and make more profit... but all those antibiotics knocking down the normal bacteria colonies creates an opportunity for resistant strains to rise and make mischief.
It's not nice to fool mother nature. Popular wisdom suggests we need to vaccinate as many people as possible against covid as soon as possible, but humans are so human.
Is not the transmission mechanism of influenza the same as covid? How would herd immunity work exactly, given the flu's perennial nature?
Corona virus are fairly well known and studied. Recall that Covid 19 was called a "novel" or new coronavirus. As in a new variant. Flu may appear seasonal to us in one place, but travels around the world constantly ebbing and flowing stronger and weaker with the seasons in different regions of the world (maybe global warming will wipe out covid ...... joke).
Herd immunity applies for given strains of covid. I am optimistic that the mRNA vaccines that take a slightly different approach (spike protein) might cover more different variants, but it is easy to imagine annual Covid booster shots, tweaked to protect against latest variants.
As I have shared before Moderna is working on a combo flu/covid shot.
JR