It's not impossible to do a 3-pin tube mic. Though not optimal, it would work. But that does still require a power supply for the heater voltage. Even using a weird tube with a 50V heater (they did exist), you're looking at about 19mA for the same 0.95W as a typical 12A_7 triode, and that's not going to make the phantom supply very happy. AND - Unless there is additional circuitry in the power supply to 'fix' this, the overall signal output from the mic would be unbalanced.
1 - Gnd
2 - (+ signal) + (tube B)
3 - heater voltage
I built a mic that uses phantom power on the triodes of a 6021, and it sounds great (at least I think so), so yeah, tubes will work with a 48V B+. (my mic does use a 7-pin connector)
ETA:
Looking at the pictures of the mic in question, I'm wondering how they get the tube to work while having zero wires connected to the tube socket.